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烈陽(yang)光(guang)伏l多(duo)年經驗(多(duo)圖)-家用太陽(yang)能發(fa)電

太陽能(neng)轉換成(cheng)為電能(neng)的(de)過程主(zhu)要包括3個步驟：

(1)太陽能(neng)電池吸(xi)收一(yi)定(ding)能(neng)量的(de)光子(zi)(zi)后，半(ban)導體內產生(sheng)電子(zi)(zi)一(yi)空穴(xue)對，稱為“光生(sheng)載(zai)流子(zi)(zi)”，兩者的(de)電極性相反(fan)，電子(zi)(zi)帶負電，空穴(xue)帶正電。

(2)電極性(xing)相(xiang)反的光生(sheng)載流子被(bei)半導體PN結所(suo)產生(sheng)的靜電場分離(li)開。

(3)光(guang)生(sheng)載(zai)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子和(he)空穴(xue)分別被太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的正、負(fu)極收集，并在外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，從而(er)獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。

當光線照(zhao)射太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)時(shi)，一(yi)部分光子(zi)被硅(gui)材(cai)料吸收，光子(zi)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)傳(chuan)遞給硅(gui)原子(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)發生躍(yue)遷，成(cheng)為(wei)自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，在PN結兩側集聚形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差。當外(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通時(shi)，在該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)作用下，將會有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過外(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路產生一(yi)定的(de)(de)輸出功率。這個過程的(de)(de)實質(zhi)是光子(zi)能(neng)量(liang)轉換(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)過程。

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視頻作者：合肥烈陽光伏技術有限公司

太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)利用(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)生伏特1效應直接把太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽的(de)(de)(de)輻射(she)能(neng)轉(zhuan)變為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)一種發電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換器就是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，也(ye)叫光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)射(she)到太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上時，其中一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)被(bei)反(fan)射(she), 一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)被(bei)吸收， 還有(you)一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)透過電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁片。被(bei)吸收的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang) 能(neng)激發被(bei)束(shu)縛的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)能(neng)級(ji)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子，產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)子-空穴對，在(zai)PN結的(de)(de)(de)內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子，空穴相互運動(dong)N區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)空穴向P區(qu)運動(dong)，P區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子向N區(qu)運動(dong)，他太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)受光(guang)(guang)(guang)面有(you)大量負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)積累，而在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)背光(guang)(guang)(guang)面有(you)大量正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)積累。

太陽能發電方(fang)式：一(yi)種是光—熱(re)—電轉換方(fang)式：

光(guang)—熱(re)—電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)(huan)方(fang)式：通(tong)(tong)過(guo)利用太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)輻射產生的(de)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般是(shi)由太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)集熱(re)器將所(suo)吸收的(de)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)成工質的(de)蒸氣(qi)，再驅動汽輪機發電(dian)(dian)(dian)。前(qian)一(yi)個過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)光(guang)—熱(re)轉換(huan)(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)；后一(yi)個過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)熱(re)—電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)，與普通(tong)(tong)的(de)火力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)樣.太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點是(shi)效率很低而成本很高，估計它的(de)投資至少要比普通(tong)(tong)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)貴5～10倍.一(yi)座1000MW的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)需要投資20～25億美元(yuan)，平均1kW的(de)投資為(wei)2000～2500美元(yuan)。